Crossing the Atlantic: Provisioning, Weather Windows and Route Planning

Crossing the Atlantic by sailboat remains the quintessential bluewater passage. Whether via the trade wind route from the Canaries to the Caribbean or the northern great circle route, preparation determines success.

Choosing Your Route

The southern trade wind route departs the Canary Islands in November or December, riding northeast trades 2,700 miles to Barbados or other eastern Caribbean islands. Steady winds and warm weather make this the most popular option.

The northern route via the Azores suits boats heading to the US East Coast or cruisers wanting to explore the Portuguese archipelago. This route faces more variable weather but shorter individual passages.

Weather Windows

Atlantic weather routing starts weeks before departure. Monitor developing systems, pressure patterns, and wind forecasts. The ARC (Atlantic Rally for Cruisers) and other organized crossings provide professional routing support.

Departure timing balances hurricane season (June-November) against winter storms. Most Caribbean-bound boats leave the Canaries between late November and mid-December. Earlier departures risk late-season hurricanes; later departures find deteriorating trade winds.

Provisioning and Preparation

Las Palmas in Gran Canaria serves as the traditional jumping-off point, with excellent provisioning, marine services, and cruiser community. Allow two to three weeks for final preparation, including any repairs and provisioning.

Carry provisions for 30 days minimum, even if expecting a 15-20 day passage. Calms happen. Plan menus that work for varying sea states; elaborate cooking becomes impossible when bouncing in trade wind swells.

Communication and Safety

SSB radio, satellite phone, or satellite messenger provides safety communication mid-ocean. File a float plan with someone ashore. EPIRB registration must be current. Life raft inspection should be recent.

Most Atlantic crossings are uneventful—pleasant sailing in steady conditions with routine watch schedules. The preparation investment creates confidence that lets you actually enjoy the passage.